Phenotypic correlations between maize inbreds and their single cross hybrids in short season areas

Summary This study was conducted to determine the relationships among various agronomic traits in inbreds, hybrids and between inbreds and their progeny of maize in short season areas. Phenotypic correlations of each measured trait between as well as among hybrids and inbreds were not the same. The highest correlation coefficient (r=0.78) was obtained between days to anthesis and yield. The high yielding inbreds did not necessarily give rise to high yielding progeny. Given that days to anthesis plays an important role in two major traits (yield and moisture) for hybrids, an emphasis on optimum anthesis dates during inbred development could be a useful criterion for the prediction of hybrid performance in short season areas.     

香菇新品种L934和L937的培育

用香菇Ｌ８６７与Ｃｒ０４两品种单核菌丝体配对杂交，培育出Ｌ９３４；用香菇Ｌ３３与Ｃｒ０４两品种单核菌丝体配对杂交，培育出Ｌ９３７。拮抗实验和酯酶同工酶实验完全证实与它们与杂交亲本的不同，从而确认Ｌ９３４和Ｌ９３７为两个各自独立的香菇新品种。     

Genotype-Environment Interactions and Stability Analysis for Herbage and Seed Yields of Forage Peas Under Rainfed Conditions

Twenty-five genotypes of forage peas (Pisum sativum L.) were evaluated under rainfed conditions for two years at four locations in Syria and one in Lebanon. Since local climatic variation is significant, each location in each year was treated as a separate environment, to give ten environments. Genotype-environment interactions (GXE) were analysed using linear regression techniques. There was considerable variation in herbage and seed yields within both genotypes and environments. Genotype-environment interactions were present for both herbage and seed yields; a large proportion of these interactions was accounted for by the linear regression. Although the non-linear component was also significant, its magnitude was smaller than that of the linear component. The highest and most stable herbage yields were obtained from accessions 46/61, 135/175, 3211/323, 99/103 and 88/335. The highest and most stable seed yields were produced by accessions 4/166, 2428/240, 424/242 and 88/335. Accession 88/335 from Germany, F.R. was the only genotype to combine high herbage and seed yields with wide adaptation and stability and could thus be considered the most widely adapted genotype. Other stable genotypes were identified as suitable for poor environments. Yield of the locally collected genotype, though often high, was found to be unstable. The importance of genotype-environment interactions in future breeding strategies is discussed.     

棉花品种间苗期钾吸收效率的差异研究

在水培条件下研究了转基因抗虫棉中棉所41和常规棉中棉所36、中棉所35三个品种苗期钾吸收效率的差异及其机制.结果表明,在营养液中钾浓度为0.5 mmol·L-1,可使棉花幼苗生长速率达到最高生长速率80%左右的条件下,中棉所35和中棉所41在6～7叶期的生物量和体内钾吸收量显著高于中棉所36.中棉所35的吸钾量多主要与其根系活跃吸收表面积大有关;中棉所41的吸钾量多可能是相对较大的根系活跃吸收表面积和相对较高的Imax综合作用的结果.中棉所36的Imax虽然显著高于其它两个品种,但体内钾累积量却比较低,这与其较小的根系活跃吸收表面积有关,该品种体内较高的钾浓度也可能对吸收产生反馈抑制作用.在本试验条件下,转基因抗虫棉中棉所41的苗期钾吸收能力与常规棉相比并不低.     

不同钾效率棉花基因型对低钾胁迫的反应

采用盆栽试验,对通过苗期筛选获得的4个(103、122、163、165)钾效率不同的棉花基因型进行全生育期试验,主要研究在不施钾(K2O 0 g.kg-1)与施钾(K2O 0.80 g.kg-1)条件下各部位钾含量、农艺性状、产量和纤维品质的反应。高效高潜基因型103结桃数最多,而脱落率最低;它的衣分高而子指较低,说明其能把较多养分转移到皮棉,以获得较高的经济产量;其单株皮棉产量在缺钾和施钾条件下分别是低效低潜基因型122的2.57倍和1.83倍;低效低潜基因型122的脱落率在各个时期均最高,结桃数最少,单铃重、子指、单株皮棉产量都是最小。103各个部位钾含量较低,122的钾含量则较高,说明103以较低的钾含量即能维持其正常的生长,这或许是其钾高效的因素之一;施钾显著提高了各个基因型的纤维整齐度、比强度、纤维长度和麦克隆值,但降低了伸长率;103衣分最高,纤维长度、整齐度、比强度、伸长率中等,麦克隆值施钾和缺钾分别是A1和C2级。122纤维长度为最高,衣分、整齐度、比强度中等,其伸长率最低,麦克隆值B1级。高效低潜基因型163、165的产量和纤维品质等表现中低水平。     

Resistance to common bacterial blight in Phaseolus vulgaris L. recombinant inbred lines under natural infection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli

Among the main causes of poor yield in common beans are fungal, viral and bacterial diseases. Common bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap), is one of the major bacterial diseases leading to significant losses in Brazil. Chemical control is ineffective, therefore, the use of resistant varieties becomes an interesting alternative. The objective of the present work was to evaluate disease resistance under natural infection of the pathogen in 109 recombinant inbred lines (F₇) of P. vulgaris originated from the cross HAB-52 (susceptible — snapbean) × BAC-6 (resistant — common bean) in two different environments, as well as to calculate genetic parameters to assist in the selection of promising materials to be used in the CBB resistance breeding program. The data of the genetic parameters were compared to those calculated for the F₃ generation originated from the same cross. The heritability results for DI (disease index) and VI (variation index) in F₃ were 26.85% and 0.26, respectively, whereas in F₇ they were 91.77% and 1.36, respectively. These results demonstrate a potential to be explored for this advanced population, that in the future, along with other pathogen variability studies and tests in other environments, may provide more information regarding a more precise evaluation of promising genotypes to be used in common bean breeding programs aiming to obtain CBB resistant varieties. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Graphical Genotype of Maize Inbred B86 Revealed by RFLPs

The objective of this study was to investigate the origin of chromosome segments of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred B86 from its parental inbreds B52 and Oh43 using RFLPS. B86 was selected to combine resistance to the first and second brood of the European corn borer with the favorable agronomic performance of Oh43. RFLP analyses of the three inbreds were performed with three restriction enzymes (EcoRI, EcoRV, HindIII) and 178 DNA probes covering all ten maize chromosomes. For two DNA probes in combination with one enzyme, B86 showed a new RFLP pattern not present in the two parents. Based on results from 119 polymorphic DNA probes, the proportion of the B86 genome contributed by B52 (51.3 %) and Oh43 (48.7 %) was almost equal.     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to root diseases in cool season food legumes

Summary Soil-borne fungal diseases are among the most important factors, limiting the yield of grain legumes in many countries worldwide. Root rot, caused by Aphanomyces euteiches, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani and wilt, caused by several formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum are the most destructive soil-borne diseases of pea, chickpea, lentil, fababean and lupin. The most effective control of these diseases is achieved through the use of resistant varieties. In this paper, recent advances in conventional and innovative screening methods for disease resistance are presented. Many grain legume accessions, which are maintained in national and international germplasm collections, have been evaluated for disease resistance and numerous resistant varieties have been released following incorporation of identified resistance genes from these sources. Recent identification of molecular markers tightly linked to resistance genes has greatly enhanced breeding programs by making marker assisted selection (MAS) possible and allowing the development of varieties with multiple disease resistance. Progress in the understanding of the biology of soil-borne fungal pathogens of grain legumes is also reviewed with particular reference to the genetic structure of their populations, diagnosis and host–pathogen interaction.     

Effects of CO2 enrichment on young plant growth of 96 genotypes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Summary The early growth of 96 genotypes of tomato was studied at 320 ppm CO₂ and at 750 ppm CO₂ in separate climate rooms. Plants were harvested at 40 and 55 days after sowing. Fresh and dry weights were determined. Large differences between genotypes were found for average plant fresh and dry weights and for relative growth rates. The average overall growth enhancement by CO₂ enrichment was 2.3. Two genotypes showed significant genotype x CO₂ interaction. The consequences of these results for tomato breeding are discussed.     

Studies on Low Crossabilities Encountered with the Hordeum bulbosum Method for Haploid Production of Barley, Hordeum vulgare L.

Crosses were made between four spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars and five F₁, hybrids with one genotype of Hordeum bulbosum L. in two locations to investigate further previous low crossabilities which had been found in the barley cultivar ‘Apex’ with H. bulbosum. Data at all the main steps of the H. bulbosum technique were recorded and statistically analyzed. Significant differences between barley genotypes were demonstrated for all characters. It was confirmed that ‘Apex’ has poor crossability with H. bulbosum. Out of the three F₁ hybrids having ‘Apex’ as one parent, two exhibited low crossability similarly to ‘Apex’ but one showed significantly higher seed setting than ‘Apex’. The effect of the location was only significant on seed setting, while genotype X location interactions were significant on seed setting, seed quality and rate of haploid plants in relation 10 florets pollinated. Another problem which has influenced the success rate of the H. bulbosum method was found in the cultivar ‘Havilla’. Although seed setting and seed quality were high for this cultivar, embryo differentiation was low. However, this latter problem was found to influence less the overall success rate than poor crossability. Mahalanobis's distances were calculated and the dendrite of the shortest distances between barley genotypes was plotted.